TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING ANTHOCYAN DYE FROM BLACK ELDER PLANTS

Abstract

The paper presents the results of the study of anthocyanin dye from black elderberry pomace using a water-glycerol solvent. The study used black elderberry pomace Sambucus nigra collected at the stage of full dosage in the Sumy region in 2024. It was found that the mass fraction of dry soluble substances in the pomace is 14.80±0.2%, the mass fraction of moisture is 49.3±0.2%, the active acidity (pH) is 4.3±0.1, the titrated acidity in terms of malic, citric and tartaric acids is 0.73±0.03%, 0.77±0.03% and 0.82±0.03%, respectively.The technology of anthocyanin dye involves mixing elderberry pomace with potassium sorbate, double extraction in a water-glycerol solution with a hydromodule (1:1) with the addition of citric acid, settling, filtering, mixing the extracts and concentrating in an evaporator at a temperature of 65±1.5ºС to a dry matter content of 35±0.2%. The finished elderberry pomace dye was stored in sterile dark glass bottles at a temperature of 4±2ºС, which ensured its shelf life of 30 days. The resulting elderberry dye is characterized by a slightly viscous liquid of dark red color with a faint odor and sour taste. The density at 20°C is 1080±2 kg/m³. The dye is completely soluble in water and aqueous-alcoholic solutions. Active acidity (pH 3.3±0.1), titrated acidity in terms of citric, malic and tartaric acids is 0.91±0.05%, 0.87±0.05% and 0.98±0.05% respectively. The dry matter content is 35±0.2%, and the concentration of coloring substances is 122.0±0.5 g/dm³, which confirms the high saturation with anthocyanin pigments. During 30 days of storage, the degradation index is 20.5±0.2%, and the stability is 79.5±0.3%, which indicates sufficient stability of the dye and its suitability for use in the production of food and beverages.