IDENTIFYING THE NEED FOR CIVIL PROTECTION SHELTERS IN EXISTING RESIDENTIAL AREAS

Abstract

To protect people from certain hazard factors arising from emergency situations in peacetime and the effects of weapons of mass destruction during special periods, civil defense and dual- purpose structures and the simplest shelters are used. The paper develops proposals for the planning of territories for civil defence shelters in existing residential areas. To achieve this goal, the authors analyse the basic requirements of the legislation on the creation of a fund of civil protection structures, provides recommendations for determining the construction objects suitable for inclusion in the fund of civil protection structures as the simplest shelters, as well as for their preparation, formulates the principles of spatial location of shelters for civil protection of the population and an algorithm for determining the need for such shelters. Among the main recommendations for determining construction sites suitable for inclusion in the fund of civil defense protective structures as the simplest shelters, it should be noted the analysis of the protective properties of enclosing structures from external ionizing radiation or the effects of air shock waves; the capacity of civil defense structures; the location of civil defense structures in relation to places of work or residence of the population; the availability of communications, etc. Local governments must periodically conduct an inventory of the existing fund of protective structures; determine the need for the fund of protective structures of civil defense, taking into account their actual condition; satisfy the needs of the fund of protective structures of civil defense; distribute the population among the existing structures of the fund of protective structures of civil defense, taking into account their capacity, state of readiness and location on the ground (taking into account the regulatory collection radii around such structures) and provide the population with information about the locations of protective structures of civil defense.